Because cyclonic circulation and relatively low atmospheric pressure usually coexist, the terms cyclone and low are often used interchangeably. Also, because cyclones are often accompanied by inclement and sometimes destructive weather, they are frequently referred to as storms.
Tropical cyclones are called hurricanes or typhoons, and cyclones that form in the higher latitudes are called barometric depressions.
cyclotron (nuclear accelerator). An accelerator in which positively charged particles such as protons and deutrons are accelerated (sped up) by a constant-frequency alternating electric field synchronized with their movement. The particles are held in a spiral path in a constant magnetic field as they speed up.
cylinder (reciprocating engine component). The component in a reciprocating engine which houses the piston and valves. The cylinders form the combustion chambers of the engine.
cylinder (geometric shape). A solid form whose ends are circular and whose sides are parallel. The volume of a cylinder is found by the formula:
V = 0.7854 D2 H
V = Cylinder volume in cubic inches
0.7854 = A constant π ÷ 4
D = Cylinder diameter, or bore in inches
H = Cylinder height, or stroke in inches
cylinder baffles (reciprocating engine component). Thin sheet metal covers fastened around the fins on the cylinders of an air-cooled engine. The baffles force cooling air to flow through the fins so it can pick up
heat from the cylinder and carry it away from the engine.
cylinder barrel (reciprocating engine component). The high-strength steel tube in which the piston moves up and down in a reciprocating engine. The cylinder barrel of an air-cooled engine has fins cut onto its outer surface to remove heat, and it screws into the cylinder head to form the cylinder assembly.
cylinder bore (reciprocating engine dimension). The inside diameter of the cylinder barrel.
cylinder flange (reciprocating engine component). A heavy flange machined around the base of an air-cooled cylinder barrel, slightly below the bottom cooling fin. Holes are drilled in the cylinder flange so the cylinder can be mounted on studs in the engine crankcase.
cylinder head (reciprocating engine component). The part of a reciprocating engine cylinder that forms the combustion chamber. Most modern reciprocating engines have the intake and exhaust valves and the spark plugs in the cylinder heads.
cylinder head temperature (reciprocating engine instrumentation). The temperature of the cylinder head of an air-cooled reciprocating engine. Both cylinder head temperature and oil temperature are used to monitor the operating condition of air-cooled aircraft reciprocating engines.
cylinder pad (reciprocating engine component). The portion of the crankcase of a reciprocating engine to which the cylinders bolt. Studs stick through the machined surface of the pad, and the cylinder bolts to the studs.
cylinder skirt (reciprocating engine component). The portion of the cylinder of an aircraft engine that protrudes into the crankcase. The skirt is the portion of the cylinder barrel below the cylinder flange.
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